Everything about Fisherian Runaway totally explained
Fisherian runaway is a model of
sexual selection, first proposed by
R.A. Fisher in 1915, and expanded upon in his 1930 book
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, that suggests an explanation for sexual selection of traits that don't obviously increase
fitness of survival, based upon a
positive feedback "runaway" mechanism.
Fisher's explanation is that selection of such traits is a result of sexual preference; that members of the opposite sex find a trait desirable. This preference makes the trait advantageous, which in a circular fashion makes having a preference for the trait advantageous.
The process is termed "runaway" because over time, it would facilitate the development of greater preference and more pronounced traits, until the costs of producing the trait balance the reproductive benefit of possessing it.
By way of example, the
peacock's tail requires a great deal of energy to grow and maintain, it reduces the bird's agility, and it may increase the animals visibility to predators. Yet it has evolved, indicating that birds with longer tails have some advantage.
Fisherian runaway explains that if a peahen selects a peacock with a longer and more colorful tail, then her male children are more likely to have long and colorful tails and are more likely to be sexually successful themselves, because other peahens have the same preference for longer tails. Therefore, in a circular fashion, having a preference for longer tails gives an advantage.
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